1132.2 °C melting point

[Blitzkommando]

19.1 grams per cubic centimeter

Canada produces more than any other country in the world followed by Australia. It is used in everything from weight balance in aircraft and ships, to medicine, to armor, to fuel.

[Uncle_bob]

Uranium? Plutonium?

[TalHex]

salt?

[beatrixkiddo]

Uranium.

[Blitzkommando]

Uranium?

Bingo. Let's try a more difficult one.

Boiling point 962 °C

It's used in anti-static brushes but in larger amounts can have lethal doses of radiation. Even in consumer grade products it can be found in such quantities.

It is silvery in color.

[Sgt_Shligger]

Aluminum?

Mercury?

[Tact]

Hell, I don't know. I'm going to take a random guess and say polonium. :wacko:

[TalHex]

silvery in color, do you have any idea how many elements are silvery in color in their pure form? *sweat drop*

[Blitzkommando]

Polonium is correct.

Here's one that should be easy.

The melting point is virtually unknown as temperatures so high are not possible.

It is used in absolutely everything and is necessary for life.

It can either be hard or soft.

It can either be incredibly stable, or have a relatively short half-life.

[Sgt_Shligger]

Carbon :shrug:

[Tact]

I'm going to say carbon. *crosses fingers for two in a row*

[Blitzkommando]

Carbon is correct.

Boiling point: 2607 °C

Discovered by Seabourg et al. at the University of Chicago.

Most half-lives are less than two days although one is over 7000 years.

Most commonly in use in smoke detectors making it one of the few synthetic elements to truly make it mainstream.

[Tact]

I'm pretty sure there's an element out there called Seaborgium. That's my guess.

[Sgt_Shligger]

Americium (though I shamefully went to wiki :disapprove: )

[TalHex]

hydrogen? no wait that can't melt because its not a solid

[beatrixkiddo]

Americum?

[Blitzkommando]

Americium is correct.

Specific heat capacity: (25 °C) 26.53  J·mol−1·K−1

Used in CRT televisions and monitors.

It is also used in high performance spark plugs.

[beatrixkiddo]

Phosphor... I think?

[Tact]

Here's another random guess...I'm going to say silicon.

[Sgt_Shligger]

You know you could make your own CYOA, Blitz. CYOE (Choose your own element). The directions this could go are nearly limitless!

[beatrixkiddo]

Yttrium D;

[Blitzkommando]

Yttrium is correct.

Nobody agrees on how to pronounce or even spell the name for this element.

It was used to cap the Washington Monument.

Often called by the name of another element when used in a specific application.

[Tact]

I'm pretty sure this one is aluminum.

Spike just said "aluminium" on Skype. Is that the correct spelling?

[Blitzkommando]

Aluminum is correct.

This element highly resists corrosion and as such is used to coat other metals to prevent oxidization.

It can also be used as a superconductor when close to absolute zero.

It is naturally silver in color, ductile, and crystalline in structure.

[Tact]

My guess is zinc. We'll see how well that fares.

[Blitzkommando]

Zinc is an incorrect answer.

Edit: Aluminium is correct spelling in much of the world. Aluminum is correct in the Americas primarily. If you have the time, look at the section on Wiki about how it got its name and spelling. Both are accepted spellings internationally as are both pronunciations.

[Nai_Calus]

Rhodium?

[Blitzkommando]

Rhodium is also incorrect.

[HAYABUSA-FMW-]

(This thread is unspoiled by usual FKL posting unofficial rules and recurring posts)
(time to screw it up 5% more)

Turbonium

Gundanium

French, Kevium

[SpikeOtacon]

Magnesium ?

[Uncle_bob]

Cobawwwwwlt

[Blitzkommando]

No, and no.

[SpikeOtacon]

Nintendium

[Nai_Calus]

Iridium?

[Blitzkommando]

Hint: Boiling point is 2602 °C

Not Iridium.

[Sgt_Shligger]

Tin sounds good.

[Blitzkommando]

Bingo. Tin is correct.

This element has been used in water piping.

It has also been used for coloring makeup white.

It also was used in certain salts for a sweet flavoring in foods.

However it is no longer used for such things.

[Sgt_Shligger]

Lead.

[beatrixkiddo]

Asbestos?

[Blitzkommando]

Lead is correct.

This element is an excellent chemical fuel.

It is colorless and odorless.

It is naturally in gas form on earth.

[Sgt_Shligger]

Hydrogen.

[Nai_Calus]

Oxygen?

[beatrixkiddo]

Oxygen :wacko:

[SpikeOtacon]

Hydrogen

[Uncle_bob]

Diabetes

[HAYABUSA-FMW-]

Sgt_Shlgoogler?

Cheatium.

Nitrogen.

[Sgt_Shligger]

No Haya. Chatting with these cool people on skype ;]

You can too!

[Blitzkommando]

Oxygen is correct.

This element is silvery in color but gains a very distinct color when it oxidizes.

It is also highly magnetic.

It also binds very easily with other elements.

[Sgt_Shligger]

Iron.

[beatrixkiddo]

Iron (FOCL)

[HAYABUSA-FMW-]

No Haya. Cheating with these cool people on skype ;]

You can too!
I don't cheat, cool people or not!

[Blitzkommando]

Iron is correct.

This element is crystalline in structure.

It naturally occurs in many water supplies.

Is found in acids, bases, and alcohols.

[Sgt_Shligger]

Sodium.

[Nai_Calus]

sodium?

[Blitzkommando]

Not sodium, no.

[beatrixkiddo]

Hydrogen

[Tact]

It's random guess time! I'm going to guess Hydrogen, even though it's a gas.

[beatrixkiddo]

It's random guess time! I'm going to guess Hydrogen, even though it's a gas.

It's only a gas when it's isolated :wacko:

[Nai_Calus]

Sulfur?

[HAYABUSA-FMW-]

Chloride? crystal form of Chlorine?

[Blitzkommando]

Sulphur/Sulfur is correct.

This element is known primarily for being in detergents and cleaning solutions.

It is a metal, but also a naturally occurring gas.

It is potentially deadly in any form.

[Tact]

I'm going to say chlorine for this one.

[Blitzkommando]

Chlorine is correct.

This element is used in many industrial applications from explosives to acids.

When it binds with itself it is extremely difficult to separate it from itself.

It's melting point is -210.00 °C.

[Nai_Calus]

Nitrogen

[Uncle_bob]

nitro..shit

[SpikeOtacon]

Nitro-men!

[HAYABUSA-FMW-]

Bolognium

[Blitzkommando]

Nitrogen is correct.

This element is an important semiconductor.

It is a metalloid.

It is also used in fluorescent lamps.

[beatrixkiddo]

mercury

[Blitzkommando]

Mercury is a metal, not a metalloid.

[Uncle_bob]

Germanium?

[Toadthroat]

NOBODY SOLVES PUZZLES LIKE GALLIUM

[SpikeOtacon]

Gallium?

[Nai_Calus]

Silicon?

[Blitzkommando]

Germanium is correct.

This element is a liquid when at over 2076 °C.

It is essential for plants.

It is one of the oldest known elements.

[beatrixkiddo]

Boron

[Nai_Calus]

Boron

[Blitzkommando]

Boron is correct.

This is a halogen.

Chile produces the most of this element.

It is found primarily dissolved in seawater.

[Nai_Calus]

Bromine?

[Nai_Calus]

Iodine

[Blitzkommando]

Bromine is incorrect.

However, Iodine is correct.

This element is very dense, denser than lead in fact.

It is non-toxic in pure form.

It boils at 2856 °C.

[Sgt_Shligger]

HURFF

[Blitzkommando]

HURFF is incorrect.

[SpikeOtacon]

Get Ye Flaskium

[Nai_Calus]

gold.

[Blitzkommando]

Gold is correct.

This element is found worldwide.

It is a dangerous radioactive element that is extremely unstable.

However, it is also used for therapy such as for arthritis.

[Nai_Calus]

Radon

[astuarlen]

dysprosium?

[SpikeOtacon]

Astuarlenium?

[Blitzkommando]

Radon is correct.

This element boils at −268.93 °C.

It is used to cool the superconducting magnets in MRI machines.

[beatrixkiddo]

Helium

[astuarlen]

Helium!

[Nai_Calus]

Helium

[HAYABUSA-FMW-]

Hullaballoonium!

[Sgt_Shligger]

Genericium

[Nai_Calus]

Sanerium

[astuarlen]

Memium

[SpikeOtacon]

Rosewood

[Sgt_Shligger]

Sanitarium
http://headbangersblog.mtv.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/07/metallica.jpg

[astuarlen]

Phlogiston?

[Blitzkommando]

Helium is correct.

This element is used in high temperature applications due to its very high melting point.

It is used as a non-toxic alternative to lead in shielding and bullets.

Although it was credited to be discovered in Spain the element's name is not Spanish in origin.

[Nai_Calus]

Tungsten?

[astuarlen]

Tungsten, Uncle

[Tessu]

bismuth

LOOK I DON'T KNOW OR CARE

[SpikeOtacon]

Tungsten

[Sgt_Shligger]

Titanium?

[Blitzkommando]

Correct is Tungsten.

This element is highly reactive and changes color when in contact with air.

China is the world's largest producer.

The human body absorbs it as if it were calcium.

[Nai_Calus]

Hisanerium

[Tessu]

China is the world's largest producer.
paper

[astuarlen]

bismarck

LOOK I DON'T KNOW OR CARE
OM NO MNOMNOMONOMM

http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2033/2288974726_f216aa9ba8.jpg?v=0

[Sgt_Shligger]

Potassium?

[beatrixkiddo]

Fluoride?

[Blitzkommando]

Neither potassium nor fluoride.

[Tessu]

http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2033/2288974726_f216aa9ba8.jpg?v=0

Nnnn! Y-you meanie! You weren't supposed to tell them that!

[SpikeOtacon]

http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2033/2288974726_f216aa9ba8.jpg?v=0

Tantalizing.

er, Tantalizinium

[HAYABUSA-FMW-]

bisquick

LOOK I DON'T KNOW OR CARE IF ITS NOT FROM SCRATCH
OM NO MNOMNOMONOMM
wHAT THE cHAR LIMITER.

[Nai_Calus]

copper?

[Sgt_Shligger]

Sodium?

[Blitzkommando]

Copper is also not correct.

Nor is sodium.

Edit: It is also being used as an extremely accurate atomic clock.

[astuarlen]

thallium?

[SpikeOtacon]

Nickel

[Blitzkommando]

Not thallium nor nickel.

[beatrixkiddo]

Magnesium?

[Sgt_Shligger]

Zinc?

[HAYABUSA-FMW-]

Iron ("helps us play!" / Todd Rod)

Vitamin D for Digestion?

Phosphorus!

[astuarlen]

strontium!

[Blitzkommando]

It is not magnesium or zinc.

However it is used when refining zinc.

Strontium is correct!

This metal can be cut with a knife.

It is necessary for a healthy diet.

[Tessu]

xxxxx

[astuarlen]

Potassium
mmm bananas

[beatrixkiddo]

magnesium dammit

[Sgt_Shligger]

Zinc.... Again ;-;

[astuarlen]

Nuh huh :no:

[SpikeOtacon]

Iron-y

[astuarlen]

IRONMAN?!

[Blitzkommando]

Potassium is correct.

This element is used in extremely powerful lasers.

It is used for dating rocks and meteorites.

It is one of the most misspelled elements.

[beatrixkiddo]

You can't cut an IRONMAN with a knife!

Well you can but would you? ;~;

[beatrixkiddo]

Molybdenum

[SpikeOtacon]

Krypton

[Tessu]

rubidium

[Blitzkommando]

None of the above.

[Nai_Calus]

Yttrium?

[Blitzkommando]

It is not Yttrium.

[beatrixkiddo]

Ytterbium!

[Sgt_Shligger]

Gallium?

Arsenic?

[Tessu]

neon~

[Blitzkommando]

It is not Ytterbium, Gallium, Arsenic, or Neon.

[Tessu]

infrared

[beatrixkiddo]

Neodymium

[Nai_Calus]

Neodymium

[Toadthroat]

SPOILS
[spoiler-box]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page

Periodic table

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table#column-one), search (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table#searchInput)
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Padlock-silver-medium.svg/20px-Padlock-silver-medium.svg.png (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi)

"The Periodic Table" redirects here. For the book by Primo Levi (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primo_Levi), see The Periodic Table (book) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Periodic_Table_%28book%29).
For a diagram of the periodic table, see standard periodic table below (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table#Standard_periodic_table).
The periodic table of the chemical elements is a tabular (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_%28information%29) method of displaying the chemical elements (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_element). Although precursors to this table exist, its invention is generally credited to Russian (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia) chemist (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemist) Dmitri Mendeleev (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitri_Mendeleev) in 1869. Mendeleev intended the table to illustrate recurring ("periodic") trends in the properties of the elements. The layout of the table has been refined and extended over time, as new elements have been discovered, and new theoretical models have been developed to explain chemical behavior.[1] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table#cite_note-0)
The periodic table is now ubiquitous within the academic discipline of chemistry (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry), providing an extremely useful framework to classify, systematize and compare all the many different forms of chemical (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical) behavior. The table has also found wide application in physics (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics), biology (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology), engineering (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering), and industry (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry). The current standard table contains 117 elements as of January 27, 2008 (elements 1 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen)-116 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ununhexium) and element 118 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ununoctium)).
Contents




1 Methods for displaying the periodic table (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table#Methods_for_displaying_the_periodic _table)

1.1 Standard periodic table (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table#Standard_periodic_table)
1.2 Alternative versions (Layout/view of the table) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table#Alternative_versions_.28Layout.2Fvi ew_of_the_table.29)

2 Arrangement (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table#Arrangement)
3 Periodicity of chemical properties (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table#Periodicity_of_chemical_properties)

3.1 Groups and periods (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table#Groups_and_periods)

3.1.1 Periodic trends of groups (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table#Periodic_trends_of_groups)
3.1.2 Periodic trends of periods (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table#Periodic_trends_of_periods)

3.2 Examples (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table#Examples)

3.2.1 Noble gases (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table#Noble_gases)
3.2.2 Halogens (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table#Halogens)
3.2.3 Transition metals (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table#Transition_metals)
3.2.4 Lanthanides and actinides (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table#Lanthanides_and_actinides)


4 Structure of the periodic table (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table#Structure_of_the_periodic_table)
5 History (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table#History)
6 See also (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table#See_also)
7 References (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table#References)
8 Further reading (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table#Further_reading)
9 External links (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table#External_links)


Methods for displaying the periodic table


Standard periodic table

Group (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_group) → 1 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_metal) 2 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metal) 3 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_3_element) 4 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_4_element) 5 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_5_element) 6 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_6_element) 7 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_7_element) 8 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_8_element) 9 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_9_element) 10 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_10_element) 11 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_11_element) 12 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_12_element) 13 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron_group) 14 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_group) 15 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_group) 16 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalcogen) 17 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen) 18 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noble_gas) ↓ Period (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_period)
1 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_1_element) 1
H (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen)
2
He (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium) 2 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_2_element) 3
Li (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium) 4
Be (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beryllium)
5
B (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron) 6
C (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon) 7
N (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen) 8
O (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen) 9
F (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorine) 10
Ne (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon) 3 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_3_element) 11
Na (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium) 12
Mg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium)
13
Al (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium) 14
Si (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon) 15
P (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorus) 16
S (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur) 17
Cl (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorine) 18
Ar (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon) 4 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_4_element) 19
K (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium) 20
Ca (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium) 21
Sc (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandium) 22
Ti (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium) 23
V (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium) 24
Cr (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium) 25
Mn (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese) 26
Fe (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron) 27
Co (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt) 28
Ni (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel) 29
Cu (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper) 30
Zn (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc) 31
Ga (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium) 32
Ge (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium) 33
As (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenic) 34
Se (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium) 35
Br (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromine) 36
Kr (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krypton) 5 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_5_element) 37
Rb (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium) 38
Sr (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontium) 39
Y (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium) 40
Zr (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zirconium) 41
Nb (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium) 42
Mo (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybdenum) 43
Tc (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technetium) 44
Ru (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium) 45
Rh (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodium) 46
Pd (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palladium) 47
Ag (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver) 48
Cd (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium) 49
In (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indium) 50
Sn (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin) 51
Sb (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimony) 52
Te (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tellurium) 53
I (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodine) 54
Xe (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenon) 6 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_6_element) 55
Cs (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesium) 56
Ba (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barium) *
72
Hf (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium) 73
Ta (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantalum) 74
W (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten) 75
Re (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhenium) 76
Os (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium) 77
Ir (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iridium) 78
Pt (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinum) 79
Au (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold) 80
Hg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_%28element%29) 81
Tl (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thallium) 82
Pb (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead) 83
Bi (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bismuth) 84
Po (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium) 85
At (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astatine) 86
Rn (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radon) 7 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_7_element) 87
Fr (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francium) 88
Ra (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radium) **
104
Rf (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherfordium) 105
Db (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubnium) 106
Sg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seaborgium) 107
Bh (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohrium) 108
Hs (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassium) 109
Mt (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meitnerium) 110
Ds (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadtium) 111
Rg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roentgenium) 112
Uub (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ununbium) 113
Uut (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ununtrium) 114
Uuq (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ununquadium) 115
Uup (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ununpentium) 116
Uuh (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ununhexium) 117
Uus (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ununseptium) 118
Uuo (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ununoctium)
* Lanthanides (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanide) 57
La (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanum) 58
Ce (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerium) 59
Pr (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodymium) 60
Nd (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neodymium) 61
Pm (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promethium) 62
Sm (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samarium) 63
Eu (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europium) 64
Gd (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinium) 65
Tb (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terbium) 66
Dy (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysprosium) 67
Ho (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holmium) 68
Er (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbium) 69
Tm (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium) 70
Yb (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ytterbium) 71
Lu (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutetium) ** Actinides (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinide) 89
Ac (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinium) 90
Th (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium) 91
Pa (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protactinium) 92
U (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium) 93
Np (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neptunium) 94
Pu (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonium) 95
Am (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americium) 96
Cm (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curium) 97
Bk (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkelium) 98
Cf (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californium) 99
Es (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einsteinium) 100
Fm (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermium) 101
Md (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendelevium) 102
No (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobelium) 103
Lr (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrencium)
This common arrangement of the periodic table separates the lanthanides and actinides from other elements. The wide periodic table (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_%28wide%29) incorporates the f-block (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-block). The extended periodic table (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_%28extended%29) adds the 8th and 9th periods, incorporating the f-block and adding the theoretical g-block (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-block).

Element categories (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collective_names_of_groups_of_like_elements) in the periodic table
Metals (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal) Metalloids (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalloid) Nonmetals (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonmetal) Unknown Alkali metals (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_metal) Alkaline earth metals (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metal) Inner transition elements (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner_transition_element) Transition elements (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition_element) Other metals (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal) Other nonmetals (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonmetal) Halogens (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen) Noble gases (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noble_gas) Lanthanides (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanide) Actinides (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinide)
Atomic number (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_number) colors show state (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter) at standard temperature and pressure (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_temperature_and_pressure) (0 °C and 1 atm) Solids Liquids Gases Unknown Borders show natural occurrence Primordial (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primordial_elements) From decay (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trace_radioisotope) Synthetic (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_elements) Undiscovered
Alternative versions (Layout/view of the table)



The wide table (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_%28wide%29) sets inline the f-block of lanthanides (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanide) and actinides (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinide).
The standard table (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_%28standard%29) (same as above) provides the basics.
A vertical table (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_%28alternate%29) scrolls down for narrow pages.
The big table (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_%28big%29) provides the basics and full element names.
The large table (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_%28large_version%29) provides the above and atomic masses (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass).
The detailed table (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_%28detailed%29) provides a smaller version of the huge table.
The Electronegativity table (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativity) provides electronegativities.
Electron configurations (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_%28electron_configurations%29)
Metals and non-metals (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_%28metals_and_non-metals%29)
The blocks (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_%28block%29) are shaded instead of series.
The valences (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_%28valence%29#Valences_of_the_eleme nts) are shaded instead of series.

Other alternative periodic tables (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_periodic_tables) exist.
Some versions of the table show a dark stair-step line along the metalloids. Metals are to the left of the line and non-metals to the right.[2] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table#cite_note-1)

Arrangement

The layout of the periodic table demonstrates recurring ("periodic") chemical properties. Elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_number) (i.e. the number of protons (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton) in the atomic nucleus (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_nucleus)). Rows are arranged so that elements with similar properties fall into the same vertical columns ("groups"). According to quantum mechanical (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanics) theories of electron (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron) configuration within atoms, each horizontal row ("period") in the table corresponded to the filling of a quantum shell of electrons. There are progressively longer periods further down the table, grouping the elements into s-, p-, d- and f-blocks to reflect their electron configuration.
In printed tables, each element is usually listed with its element symbol (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Element_symbol) and atomic number (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_number); many versions of the table also list the element's atomic mass (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass) and other information, such as its abbreviated electron configuration (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_configuration), electronegativity (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativity) and most common valence numbers (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_number).
As of 2006, the table contains 117 chemical elements whose discoveries have been confirmed. Ninety-four are found naturally on Earth, and the rest are synthetic elements (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_elements) that have been produced artificially in particle accelerators (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_accelerators). Elements 43 (technetium), 61 (promethium), 93 (neptunium) and 94 (plutonium) have no stable isotopes and were first discovered synthetically; however, they were later discovered in trace amounts on earth as products of natural radioactive decay processes.

Periodicity of chemical properties

The main value of the periodic table is the ability to predict the chemical properties of an element based on its location on the table. It should be noted that the properties vary differently when moving vertically along the columns of the table, than when moving horizontally along the rows.

Groups and periods



A group (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_group) is a vertical column in the periodic table of the elements.

Groups are considered the most important method of classifying the elements. In some groups, the elements have very similar properties and exhibit a clear trend in properties down the group — these groups tend to be given trivial (unsystematic) names, e.g. the alkali metals (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_metal), alkaline earth metals (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metals), halogens (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen) and noble gases (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noble_gas). Some other groups in the periodic table display fewer similarities and/or vertical trends (for example Groups 14 and 15), and these have no trivial names and are referred to simply by their group numbers.


A period (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_period) is a horizontal row in the periodic table of the elements.

Although groups are the most common way of classifying elements, there are some regions of the periodic table where the horizontal trends and similarities in properties are more significant than vertical group trends. This can be true in the d-block (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-block) (or "transition metals (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition_metal)"), and especially for the f-block (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-block), where the lanthanides (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanides) and actinides (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinides) form two substantial horizontal series of elements.

Periodic trends of groups

Modern quantum mechanical (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanics) theories of atomic structure explain group trends by proposing that elements within the same group have the same electron configurations in their valence shell (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_shell), which is the most important factor in accounting for their similar properties. Elements in the same group also show patterns in their atomic radius (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_radius), ionization energy (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionization_energy), and electronegativity (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativity). From top to bottom in a group, the atomic radii of the elements increase. Since there are more filled energy levels, electrons are found farther from the nucleus. From the top, each successive element has a lower ionization energy because it is easier to remove an electron since the atoms are less tightly bound. Similarly, a group will also see a top to bottom decrease in electronegativity due to an increasing distance between valence electrons and the nucleus.

Periodic trends of periods

Elements in the same period show trends in atomic radius (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_radius), ionization energy (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionization_energy), electron affinity (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_affinity), and electronegativity (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativity). Moving left to right across a period, atomic radius usually decreases. This occurs because each successive element has an added proton and electron which causes the electron to be drawn closer to the nucleus. This decrease in atomic radius also causes the ionization energy to increase when moving from left to right across a period. The more tightly bound an element is, the more energy is required to remove an electron. Similarly, electronegativity will increase in the same manner as ionization energy because of the amount of pull that is exerted on the electrons by the nucleus. Electron affinity (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_affinity) also shows a slight trend across a period. Metals (left side of a period) generally have a lower electron affinity than nonmetals (right side of a period) with the exception of the noble gases.

Examples


Noble gases

All the elements of Group 18, the noble gases (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noble_gases), have full valence shells. This means they do not need to react with other elements to attain a full shell, and are therefore much less reactive than other groups. Helium (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium) and neon (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon) are the most inert (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inert) elements among noble gases, since reactivity, in this group, increases with the periods: it is possible to make heavy noble gases react since they have much larger electron shells. However, their reactivity remains very low in absolute terms.

Halogens

In Group 17, known as the halogens (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen), elements are missing just one electron each to fill their shells. Therefore, in chemical reactions they tend to acquire electrons (the tendency to acquire electrons is called electronegativity (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativity)). This property is most evident for fluorine (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorine) (the most electronegative element of the whole table), and it diminishes with increasing period.
As a result, all halogens form acids with hydrogen, such as hydrofluoric acid (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrofluoric_acid), hydrochloric acid (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrochloric_acid), hydrobromic acid (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrobromic_acid) and hydroiodic acid (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroiodic_acid), all in the form HX. Their acidity (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidity) increases with higher period, for example, with regard to iodine and fluorine, since a large I− ion (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion) is more stable in solution than a small F−, there is less volume in which to disperse the charge.

Transition metals

For the transition metals (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition_metal) (Groups 3 to 12), horizontal trends across periods are often important as well as vertical trends down groups; the differences between groups adjacent are usually not dramatic. Transition metal reactions often involve coordinated species.

Lanthanides and actinides

The chemical properties of the lanthanides (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanide) (elements 57–71) and the actinides (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinide) (elements 89–103) are even more similar to each other than the transition metals (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition_metal), and separating a mixture of these can be very difficult. This is important in the chemical purification of uranium (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium) concerning nuclear power (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power).

Structure of the periodic table

The primary determinant of an element's chemical properties is its electron configuration (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_configuration), particularly the valence shell (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_shell) electrons. For instance, any atoms with four valence electrons occupying p orbitals will exhibit some similarity. The type of orbital in which the atom's outermost electrons reside determines the "block" to which it belongs. The number of valence shell (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_shell) electrons determines the family, or group, to which the element belongs.
The total number of electron shells (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_shell) an atom has determines the period to which it belongs. Each shell is divided into different subshells, which as atomic number increases are filled in roughly this order (the Aufbau principle (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aufbau_principle)):
Subshell: S G F D P Period




1 1s



2 2s


2p 3 3s


3p 4 4s

3d 4p 5 5s

4d 5p 6 6s
4f 5d 6p 7 7s
5f 6d 7p 8 8s 5g 6f 7d 8p Hence the structure of the table. Since the outermost electrons determine chemical properties, those with the same number of valence electrons are grouped together.
Progressing through a group from lightest element to heaviest element, the outer-shell electrons (those most readily accessible for participation in chemical reactions) are all in the same type of orbital, with a similar shape, but with increasingly higher energy and average distance from the nucleus. For instance, the outer-shell (or "valence") electrons of the first group, headed by hydrogen (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen), all have one electron in an s orbital. In hydrogen, that s orbital is in the lowest possible energy state of any atom, the first-shell orbital (and represented by hydrogen's position in the first period of the table). In francium (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francium), the heaviest element of the group, the outer-shell electron is in the seventh-shell orbital, significantly further out on average from the nucleus than those electrons filling all the shells below it in energy. As another example, both carbon and lead have four electrons in their outer shell orbitals.
Note that as atomic number (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_number) (i.e. charge on the atomic nucleus (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_nucleus)) increases, this leads to greater spin-orbit coupling (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin-orbit_coupling) between the nucleus and the electrons, reducing the validity of the quantum mechanical orbital approximation (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orbital_approximation&action=edit&redlink=1) model, which considers each atomic orbital as a separate entity.
Because of the importance of the outermost shell, the different regions of the periodic table are sometimes referred to as periodic table blocks (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_block), named according to the sub-shell in which the "last" electron resides, e.g. the s-block, the p-block, the d-block, etc.
Regarding the elements Ununbium, ununtrium, ununquadium, etc., they are elements that have been discovered, but so far have not been named.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/3c/800px-PTable.png (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:800px-PTable.png)



History

Main article: History of the periodic table (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_periodic_table)
In Ancient Greece, the influential Greek philosopher Aristotle (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle) proposed that there were four main elements: air, fire, earth and water. All of these elements could be reacted to create another one; e.g., earth and fire combined to form lava. However, this theory was dismissed when the real chemical elements started being discovered. Scientists needed an easily accessible, well organized database with which information about the elements could be recorded and accessed. This was to be known as the periodic table.
The original table was created before the discovery of subatomic particles (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subatomic_particles) or the formulation of current quantum mechanical (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanics) theories of atomic structure (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_structure). If one orders the elements by atomic mass (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass), and then plots certain other properties against atomic mass, one sees an undulation or periodicity to these properties as a function of atomic mass. The first to recognize these regularities was the German chemist Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_D%C3%B6bereiner) who, in 1829, noticed a number of triads of similar elements:
Some triads Element Molar mass
(g/mol) Density
(g/cm³) chlorine 35.453 0.0032 bromine 79.904 3.1028 iodine 126.90447 4.933 calcium 40.078 1.55 strontium 87.62 2.54 barium 137.327 3.594 In 1829 Döbereiner proposed the Law of Triads: The middle element in the triad had atomic weight that was the average of the other two members. The densities of some triads followed a similar pattern. Soon other scientists found chemical relationships extended beyond triads. Fluorine was added to Cl/Br/I group; sulfur, oxygen, selenium and tellurium were grouped into a family; nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth were classified as another group.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Medeleeff_by_repin.jpg/200px-Medeleeff_by_repin.jpg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Medeleeff_by_repin.jpg) http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Medeleeff_by_repin.jpg)
Dmitri Mendeleev, father of the periodic table


This was followed by the English chemist John Newlands (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Alexander_Reina_Newlands), who noticed in 1865 that when placed in order of increasing atomic weight, elements of similar physical and chemical properties recurred at intervals of eight, which he likened to the octaves of music (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octave), though his law of octaves was ridiculed by his contemporaries.[3] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table#cite_note-2) However, while successful for some elements, Newlands' law of octaves failed for two reasons:


It was not valid for elements that had atomic masses higher than Ca.
When further elements were discovered, such as the noble gases (He, Ne, Ar), they could not be accommodated in his table.

Finally, in 1869 the Russian chemistry professor Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitri_Mendeleev) and four months later the German Julius Lothar Meyer (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Lothar_Meyer) independently developed the first periodic table, arranging the elements by mass. However, Mendeleev plotted a few elements out of strict mass sequence in order to make a better match to the properties of their neighbors in the table, corrected mistakes in the values of several atomic masses, and predicted the existence and properties of a few new elements in the empty cells of his table. Mendeleev was later vindicated by the discovery of the electronic structure of the elements in the late 19th and early 20th century.
Earlier attempts to list the elements to show the relationships between them (for example by Newlands (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Alexander_Reina_Newlands)) had usually involved putting them in order of atomic mass (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass). Mendeleev's key insight in devising the periodic table was to lay out the elements to illustrate recurring ("periodic") chemical properties (even if this meant some of them were not in mass order), and to leave gaps for "missing" elements. Mendeleev used his table to predict the properties of these "missing elements", and many of them were indeed discovered and fit the predictions well.
With the development of theories of atomic structure (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_structure) (for instance by Henry Moseley (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Moseley)) it became apparent that Mendeleev had listed the elements in order of increasing atomic number (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_number) (i.e. the net amount of positive charge on the atomic nucleus (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_nucleus)). This sequence is nearly identical to that resulting from ascending atomic mass.
In order to illustrate recurring properties, Mendeleev began new rows in his table so that elements with similar properties fell into the same vertical columns ("groups").
With the development of modern quantum mechanical (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanics) theories of electron (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron) configuration within atoms, it became apparent that each horizontal row ("period") in the table corresponded to the filling of a quantum shell of electrons. In Mendeleev's original table, each period was the same length. Modern tables have progressively longer periods further down the table, and group the elements into s-, p-, d- and f-blocks to reflect our understanding of their electron configuration.
In the 1940s Glenn T. Seaborg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg) identified the transuranic (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transuranium_element) lanthanides and the actinides, which may be placed within the table, or below (as shown above).

See also



History of the periodic table (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_periodic_table)
Atomic electron configuration table (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_electron_configuration_table)
Table of nuclides (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_of_nuclides)
Discoveries of the chemical elements (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discoveries_of_the_chemical_elements)
Abundance of the chemical elements (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abundance_of_the_chemical_elements)
IUPAC's (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry) systematic element names (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systematic_element_name)
Cosmochemical Periodic Table of the Elements in the Solar System (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmochemical_Periodic_Table_of_the_Elements_in_th e_Solar_System)
Table of chemical elements (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_of_chemical_elements)
Periodic group (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_group)
Extended periodic table (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_%28extended%29)
Table in Chinese (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_%28Chinese%29)
Tom Lehrer (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Lehrer)'s song "The Elements (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Elements_%28song%29)"



References



^ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table#cite_ref-0) IUPAC article on periodic table (http://www.iupac.org/didac/Didac%20Eng/Didac01/Content/S01.htm)
^ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table#cite_ref-1) Science Standards of Learning Cirriculum Framework (http://www.doe.virginia.gov/VDOE/Instruction/Science/ScienceCF-PS.doc)
^ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table#cite_ref-2) Bryson, Bill (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Bryson) (2004). A Short History of Nearly Everything (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Short_History_of_Nearly_Everything). London: Black Swan, 687. ISBN 9780552151740 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780552151740). pp141–2




Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, and Bruce E. Bursten (2005). Chemistry:The Central Science, 10th edition, Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-109686-9 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0131096869).
Helmenstine, Marie (2007). "Trends in the Periodic Table (http://chemistry.about.com/od/periodictableelements/a/periodictrends.htm)". About, Inc.. Retrieved on 2007 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007)-01-27 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_27).


Further reading



Mazurs, E.G., "Graphical Representations of the Periodic System During One Hundred Years". University of Alabama Press, Alabama. 1974.
Bouma, J., "An Application-Oriented Periodic Table of the Elements", J. Chem. Ed., 66, 741 (1989).
Eric R. Scerri, The Periodic Table: Its Story and Its Significance, Oxford University Press, 2006.
Imyanitov, N.S., "Mathematical description of dialectic regular trends in the periodic system", Russ. J. Gen. Chem., 69, 509 (1999) [Eng].
Imyanitov, N.S., "Modification of Various Functions for Description of Periodic Dependences", Russ. J. Coord. Chem., 29, 46 (2003) [Eng].


External links

Find more about Periodic table on Wikipedia's sister projects: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Wiktionary-logo-en.png/25px-Wiktionary-logo-en.png (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Wiktionary-logo-en.png) Dictionary definitions (http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Periodic_table) http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Wikibooks-logo.svg) Textbooks (http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Periodic_table) http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Wikiquote-logo.svg) Quotations (http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Periodic_table) http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Wikisource-logo.svg) Source texts (http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Periodic_table) http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Commons-logo.svg) Images and media (http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Periodic_table) http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Wikinews-logo.svg) News stories (http://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Periodic_table) http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Wikiversity-logo-Snorky.svg/27px-Wikiversity-logo-Snorky.svg.png (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Wikiversity-logo-Snorky.svg) Learning resources (http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Periodic_table)

WebElements (http://www.webelements.com/) comprehensive periodic table
Ptable.com (http://www.dayah.com/periodic) JavaScript periodic table
Time of discovery IUPAC periodic table (http://old.iupac.org/reports/periodic_table/)
Visual Elements (http://www.chemsoc.org/viselements/pages/periodic_table.html). ChemSoc.org.
Los Alamos National Laboratory's chemistry division presents Periodic Table of the Elements—Online version (http://periodic.lanl.gov/), PDF version (http://periodic.lanl.gov/downloads/periodictableBW.pdf)
Gray, Theodore, The Wooden Periodic Table Table (http://www.theodoregray.com/PeriodicTable/index.html): actual table containing samples of each naturally occurring element.
Videos about elements in the periodic table (http://www.segal.org/periodic/)
Mnemonic methods for learning the periodic table (http://www.johnpratt.com/atomic/periodic.html)
Syncopated Systems detailed rotated periodic table (http://www.oddgods.com/articles/2007/m28d)
Chemogenesis Periodic Table Formulations (http://www.meta-synthesis.com/webbook/35_pt/pt.html)
Periodic videos (http://www.periodicvideos.com/) from the University of Nottingham (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Nottingham)


v (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:PeriodicTablesFooter) • d (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:PeriodicTablesFooter) • e (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:PeriodicTablesFooter&action=edit)

Periodic tables
Layouts Standard (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_%28standard%29) · Vertical (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_%28vertical%29) · Full names (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_%28big%29) · Names and atomic masses (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_%28detailed%29) · Text for last (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_%28text_only%29) · Large table (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_%28large_version%29) · Metals and nonmetals (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_%28metals_and_non-metals%29) · Blocks (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_%28block%29) · Valences (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_%28valence%29) · Inline f-block (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_%28wide%29) · 218 elements (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_%28extended%29) · Electron configurations (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_%28electron_configurations%29) · Atomic masses (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass/Table) · Electronegativities (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativity#Electronegativities_of_the_eleme nts) · Alternatives (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_periodic_tables) · Crystal structure (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_%28crystal_structure%29)

Lists of elements by Name (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_elements_by_name) · Atomic symbol (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_elements_by_symbol) · Atomic number (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_elements_by_atomic_number) · Atomic mass (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_elements_by_atomic_mass) · Name etymology (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemical_element_name_etymologies) (after places (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_elements_named_after_places), after people (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements_named_after_people)) · Discovery (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements_by_their_discovery)
Boiling point (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_elements_by_boiling_point) · Melting point (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_elements_by_melting_point) · Density (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_elements_by_density) · Oxidation state (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_oxidation_numbers_by_element) · Abundance (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abundance_of_the_chemical_elements) · Nuclear stability (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_elements_by_stability_of_isotopes)

Groups (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_%28periodic_table%29) 1 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_metal) · 2 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metal) · 3 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_3_element) · 4 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_4_element) · 5 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_5_element) · 6 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_6_element) · 7 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_7_element) · 8 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_8_element) · 9 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_9_element) · 10 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_10_element) · 11 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_11_element) · 12 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_12_element) · 13 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron_group) · 14 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_group) · 15 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_group) · 16 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalcogen) · 17 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen) · 18 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noble_gas)

Periods: (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_%28periodic_table%29) 1 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_1_element) · 2 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_2_element) · 3 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_3_element) · 4 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_4_element) · 5 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_5_element) · 6 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_6_element) · 7 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_7_element) · 8 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_8_element)

Element categories (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collective_names_of_groups_of_like_elements) Alkalis (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_metal) · Alkaline earths (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metal) · Lanthanides (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanide) · Actinides (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinide) · Transition metals (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition_metal) · Metals (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal) · Metalloids (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalloid) · Nonmetals (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonmetal) · Halogens (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen) · Noble gases (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noble_gas)

Blocks (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_block) s-block (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-block) · p-block (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-block) · d-block (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-block) · f-block (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-block) · g-block (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-block)

v (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:BranchesofChemistry) • d (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:BranchesofChemistry) • e (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:BranchesofChemistry&action=edit)

Chemistry (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry)
Analytical chemistry (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytical_chemistry) • Biochemistry (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemistry) • Bioinorganic chemistry (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioinorganic_chemistry) • Bioorganic chemistry (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioorganic_chemistry) • Chemical biology (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_biology) • Chemistry education (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry_education) • Click chemistry (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Click_chemistry) • Cluster chemistry (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_chemistry) • Computational chemistry (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_chemistry) • Electrochemistry (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemistry) • Environmental chemistry (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_chemistry) • Green chemistry (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_chemistry) • Inorganic chemistry (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inorganic_chemistry) • Materials science (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materials_science) • Medicinal chemistry (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicinal_chemistry) • Nuclear chemistry (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_chemistry) • Organic chemistry (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_chemistry) • Organometallic chemistry (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organometallic_chemistry) • Pharmacy (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacy) • Physical chemistry (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_chemistry) • Photochemistry (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photochemistry) • Polymer chemistry (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer_chemistry) • Solid-state chemistry (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid-state_chemistry) • Supramolecular chemistry (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supramolecular_chemistry) • Theoretical chemistry (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretical_chemistry) • Thermochemistry (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermochemistry) • Wet chemistry (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet_chemistry)

List of biomolecules (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_biomolecules) • List of inorganic compounds (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_inorganic_compounds) • List of organic compounds (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_organic_compounds) • Periodic table
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table"
Categories (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Categories): Periodic table (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Periodic_table) | Classification systems (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Classification_systems) | Russian inventions (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Russian_inventions) | Chemistry (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Chemistry)
Hidden category: Semi-protected against vandalism (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Semi-protected_against_vandalism)


Views



Article (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table)
Discussion (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Periodic_table)
View source (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Periodic_table&action=edit)
History (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Periodic_table&action=history)



Personal tools



Log in / create account (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Periodic_table)




Navigation



Main page (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page)
Contents (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Contents)
Featured content (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Featured_content)
Current events (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Current_events)
Random article (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Random)



Search




Interaction



About Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About)
Community portal (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal)
Recent changes (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChanges)
Contact Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us)
Donate to Wikipedia (http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Donate)
Help (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents)



Toolbox



What links here (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Periodic_table)
Related changes (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Periodic_table)
Upload file (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Upload)
Special pages (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages)
Printable version (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Periodic_table&printable=yes)
Permanent link (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Periodic_table&oldid=228315420)
Cite this page (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Cite&page=Periodic_table&id=228315420)



Languages



Afrikaans (http://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodieke_tabel)
Alemannisch (http://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodensystem)
العربية (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A)
Aragonés (http://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabla_periodica_d%27os_elementos)
Asturianu (http://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabla_peri%C3%B3dica)
Azərbaycan (http://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B6vri_c%C9%99dv%C9%99l)
বাংলা (http://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A 6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3 %E0%A7%80)
Беларуская (http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%87%D 0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0 %BC%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1% 82%D0%B0%D1%9E)
Беларуская (тарашкевіца) (http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%87%D 0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0 %BC%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1% 82%D0%B0%D1%9E)
Bosanski (http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elemenata)
Brezhoneg (http://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taolenn_beriodek_an_elfenno%C3%B9)
Български (http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D 0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0 %B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0 %BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5)
Català (http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taula_peri%C3%B2dica)
Česky (http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodick%C3%A1_tabulka)
Cymraeg (http://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabl_Cyfnodol)
Dansk (http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiske_system)
Deutsch (http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodensystem)
Eesti (http://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keemiliste_elementide_perioodilisuss%C3%BCsteem)
Ελληνικά (http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%C F%8C%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF %82_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%87%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE %BA%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B9%CF%87%CE% B5%CE%AF%CF%89%CE%BD)
Español (http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabla_peri%C3%B3dica_de_los_elementos)
Esperanto (http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perioda_tabelo)
Euskara (http://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taula_periodikoa)
فارسی (http://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88% D8%A8%DB%8C_%28%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A F%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%29)
Føroyskt (http://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skei%C3%B0bundna_skipanin)
Français (http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tableau_p%C3%A9riodique_des_%C3%A9l%C3%A9ments)
Frysk (http://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodyk_systeem_fan_%27e_eleminten)
Furlan (http://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabele_periodiche)
Gaeilge (http://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1bla_peiriadach)
Galego (http://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1boa_peri%C3%B3dica_dos_elementos)
ગુજરાતી (http://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4_%E0% AA%95%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B7%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%95 )
한국어 (http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EA%B8%B0%EC%9C%A8%ED%91%9C)
Հայերեն (http://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D 5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5 %A1%D5%AF)
हिन्दी (http://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0% A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80)
Hrvatski (http://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodni_sustav_elemenata)
Ido (http://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodala_tabelo_dil_elementaro)
ইমার ঠার/বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী (http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A 6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3 %E0%A7%80)
Bahasa Indonesia (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabel_periodik)
Interlingua (http://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabella_periodic_del_elementos)
Íslenska (http://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotukerfi%C3%B0)
Italiano (http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavola_periodica)
עברית (http://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%98%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%97% D7%96%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA)
ქართული (http://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%8 3%A0_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94 %E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9E%E1% 83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3 %E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1% 83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90)
Kiswahili (http://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mfumo_radidia)
Kurdî / كوردی (http://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabloya_periyod%C3%AEk_a_elementan)
Latina (http://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systema_Periodicum)
Latviešu (http://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%ABmisko_elementu_periodisk%C4%81_tabula)
Lëtzebuergesch (http://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodesystem_vun_den_Elementer)
Lietuvių (http://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodin%C4%97_element%C5%B3_lentel%C4%97)
Limburgs (http://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiek_systeem_vaan_elemente)
Lingála (http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et%C3%A1nda_ya_bileko)
Lumbaart (http://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taula_peri%C3%B2dica)
Magyar (http://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peri%C3%B3dusos_rendszer)
Македонски (http://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_% D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%BD%D0%B0_% D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1 %82%D0%B5)
മലയാളം (http://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%B 4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D% E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4 %95)
Māori (http://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripanga_p%C5%ABmotu)
Bahasa Melayu (http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jadual_berkala)
Монгол (http://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8D%D1%85_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81% D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC)
Nederlands (http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiek_systeem)
日本語 (http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8)
‪Norsk (bokmål)‬ (http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodesystemet)
‪Norsk (nynorsk)‬ (http://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodesystemet)
Occitan (http://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taula_periodica)
O'zbek (http://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsurlarning_davriy_jadvali)
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (http://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A 8%A1%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%AC %E0%A8%B2)
Plattdüütsch (http://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodensystem)
Polski (http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uk%C5%82ad_okresowy_pierwiastk%C3%B3w)
Português (http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabela_peri%C3%B3dica)
Română (http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabelul_periodic_al_elementelor)
Runa Simi (http://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qallawap_%C3%B1iqi_rakirinkuna)
Русский (http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D 0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0 %BE%D0%BD)
Русский (http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D 0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1 %82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0% B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2)
Simple English (http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table)
Slovenčina (http://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodick%C3%A1_tabu%C4%BEka)
Slovenščina (http://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elementov)
Српски / Srpski (http://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_% D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D 0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0)
Srpskohrvatski / Српскохрватски (http://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elemenata)
Basa Sunda (http://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tab%C3%A9l_periodik)
Suomi (http://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaksollinen_j%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4)
Svenska (http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiska_systemet)
Tagalog (http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talaang_peryodiko)
தமிழ் (http://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%A F%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D %E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88)
Tarandíne (http://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portale:Ch%C3%ACmeche)
ไทย (http://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B 8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8)
Tiếng Việt (http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3ng_tu%E1%BA%A7n_ho%C3%A0n)
Тоҷикӣ (http://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B4% D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D 0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D1%85%D0 %B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B2%D3%A3)
Türkçe (http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periyodik_tablo)
Українська (http://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D 0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0 %B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1% 96%D0%B2)
Vèneto (http://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabe%C5%82a_peri%C3%B2dica)
Walon (http://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A5vlea_periodike_des_elemints)
West-Vlams (http://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiek_systeim)
吴语 (http://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8)
ייִדיש (http://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A9%D 7%A2_%D7%98%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%A2)
Yorùbá (http://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1b%C3%ACl%C3%AC_%C3%ACgb%C3%A0)
Žemaitėška (http://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periuod%C4%97n%C4%97_elementu_lental%C4%97)
粵語 (http://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8)
中文 (http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8)
Malti (http://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavla_Perjodika)




http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png (http://www.mediawiki.org/)
http://en.wikipedia.org/images/wikimedia-button.png (http://wikimediafoundation.org/)


This page was last modified on 28 July 2008, at 03:28.
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_Licen se). (See Copyrights (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyrights) for details.)
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc (http://www.wikimediafoundation.org/)., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/501%28c%29#501.28c.29.283.29) tax-deductible (http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Deductibility_of_donations) nonprofit (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-profit_organization) charity (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charitable_organization).
Privacy policy (http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Privacy_policy)
About Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About)
Disclaimers (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer)
[/spoiler-box]

[astuarlen]

blagh.

[SpikeOtacon]

toad got it.

[Toadthroat]

What do I win?

[Blitzkommando]

Neodymium is correct.

This element is very common both in the earth's crust and in seawater.

It is also a deoxidizer.

Melting point is 842 °C.

[Tessu]

sodium

[SpikeOtacon]

Sodium Fuck Year

[Nai_Calus]

sodium

[Sgt_Shligger]

Sodium.

[SpikeOtacon]

Grueium

[Blitzkommando]

Sodium is... incorrect!

[astuarlen]

Bucking the trend... calcium! It does a body good, amirite

[Sgt_Shligger]

Silicon?

[Tessu]

water

[Blitzkommando]

Calcium is correct.

This element will oxidize even when kept in mineral oil.

It is a neutron absorber.

It is also used in headphone speakers.

[astuarlen]

Argh, I have to pee, but I don't want to miss the next clue. DDDDDDD:::::

[SpikeOtacon]

HURFF

[HAYABUSA-FMW-]

PP Breakium

[Tessu]

IDK LOL samarium

[astuarlen]

Samarium, good

[Sgt_Shligger]

Neodymium was already used :disapprove:

[astuarlen]

Tess is a used neodymium saleswoman. :(

[Blitzkommando]

Samarium is correct.

This element oxidizes easily, yet doesn't need to be kept in an oxygen-free environment because of that.

It is very commonly used as a structural material.

[astuarlen]

Ironman

[Nai_Calus]

Iron(y)

[Tessu]

Iron? Titanium? Trix© Cereal?

[astuarlen]

Iron? Titanium? Trix© Cereal?

Tricksy hobbitses Lin Cereals. O:

[Blitzkommando]

Iron and Titanium are both incorrect.

[Sgt_Shligger]

Copper?

[Blitzkommando]

Copper as well is incorrect.

This element is white or grey in color.

[astuarlen]

Albinos

[Tessu]

silicon? :>

[Blitzkommando]

Silicon is incorrect.

[SpikeOtacon]

Iridium

[astuarlen]

Pb (hold the J)?

[Nai_Calus]

Titanium

[Blitzkommando]

Iridium and Lead are both incorrect.

Okay, this will give it away. It is a metal used to ignite chemicals needing high temperatures to start reactions, such as thermite.

[Nai_Calus]

Nickel?

[astuarlen]

Magnesium

Note: awesome day in chemistry, burning that :wacko:

[SpikeOtacon]

Magnesium

[Blitzkommando]

Magnesium is correct.

Final challenge:

This element is highly resistant to corrosion.

It is used in everything from incendiary weapons to knives.

However, it is also found to cause reactions with many peoples' skin.

[Nai_Calus]

Nickel

[Sgt_Shligger]

Nickel.

[Blitzkommando]

Nickel is incorrect.

[astuarlen]

Mr. Cooper, without the O

[Sgt_Shligger]

Titanium?

[Blitzkommando]

Copper is also incorrect. As is titanium.

[Tessu]

Zirconium

[SpikeOtacon]

Cobalt?

[Blitzkommando]

Zirconium is correct.

That's all for me tonight. Good game.

[Tessu]

I FINALLY GOT SOMETHING RIGHT ^_________________:burger:________________^

[astuarlen]

NOOOOOOOOOO CURSE YOU BLITZKOMMANDO I WON'T LET YOU GET AWAY WITH TESSTHIS

P.S. Tess, I think you have some sort of parasite on your face.

[Blitzkommando]

Perhaps tomorrow I will try with something different. Say, chemicals.

[SpikeOtacon]

Poor Ast. Robbed of her periodic knowledge and a monologue all in one week. :sad:

[astuarlen]

Perhaps tomorrow I will try with something different. Say, chemicals.

How about flowers or painters or pancake toppings or items on astuarlen's desk?

[Blitzkommando]

Perhaps people in some form. That's a good idea, yes.

[HAYABUSA-FMW-]

How about flowers or painters or pancake toppings or items on astuarlen's desk?
Oh so you can get a couple of steps ahead of the competition?
("Leg up" doesn't apply well to this phrase, just as relevant as say: arugula)

Footloose shimmy sidewalk race rules: No breakfast club after schoolin' training programs.

[Uncle_bob]

Butts.

[SpikeOtacon]

Butts.

Always relevant.