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You can switch subpalettes by writing /spal1 /spal2 etc.
For weapon palettes, you can use numlock 1 to 6 by default. You can change it to whatever you like ingame.

You can do it in-game as far as i know. Also try to change important pages like "Character info" to some confortable keys. It will be better when you get used to them.

You can also change shortcut for Client order to something like C. You can keep check it time to time in quest if your COs are finished or not.

Sorry i don't know about shortcuts, but you can use other gender's pose by writing /cla xxx in chat. (xxx is your lobby action)