Survival Japanese - Basic Phrases for Communication

[zgnumu]

Great list Cavistus. As a (relatively) fluent speaker, it feels a bit inconsistent though, combining some formal language and some rather casual language, which to a Japanese person may seem a bit strange, so allow me to nitpick a few details:

Spoiler!

English: Thanks for helping / Good work (good to use after a boss fight or an emergency code)
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Kanji: お疲れ様でした。
Hiragana: おつかれさまでした。
Romaji: otsukaresama deshita

This is formal use, largely used in places of work/business. Casual shortened versions can be used in casual online environments if you want to be less polite/uptight.
おつかれさま - otsukaresama (casual)
おつかれ - otsukare (casual, shortened)

English: I understand. Sorry.
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Kanji：　分かります。　すみません。
Hiragana: わかります。　すみません。
Romaji: wakarimasu. sumimasen.

Although technically grammatically correct, people generally don't talk like this. Use of the past tense, particularly in a stand-alone phrase is more common:
分かりました。すみません。

Kanji: 　付いて来て下さい。
Hiragana:　ついてくてください。
Romaji: tsuite kute kudasai

Hiragana:　ついてくてください。
Romaji: tsuite kite kudasai
The pronunciation of the kanji varies:
来て - kite
来る - kuru

English: Thank you for the party!
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Hiragana: PTありがとうございました！
Romaji: PT arigatou gozaimashita!

also super-formal. Casualified:
Hiragana: PTありがとう！
Romaji: PT arigatou!

Some other phrases you could add:

Spoiler!

English: I'm sorry, I don't know/understand.
Kanji：　すみません、分かりません。
Hiragana: すみません、わかりません。
Romaji:　sumimasen, wakarimasen.

English: Could you explain it in a way that is easy to understand?
(Formal) Kanji:　分かりやすい説明していただけますか?
(Formal) Hiragana: わかりやすいせつめいしていただけますか？
(Formal) Romaji: wakariyasui setsumeishiteitadakemasuka?
(Casual) Kanji: 分かりやすく説明してくれる？
(Casual) Hiragana: わかりやすくせつめいしてくれる？
(Casual) Romaji: wakariyasuku setsumeishitekureru?

For the next two, typing in hiragana would probably be better...
English: Could you please type （that again) in hiragana?
Kanji: 平仮名でお願いします。
Hiragana: ひらがなでおねがいします。
Romaji: hiragana de onegaishimasu.

English: I no good at reading kanji.
Kanji 漢字を読むのが上手でわありません。
Hiragana: かんじをよむのがじょうずでわありません。
Romaji: kanji wo yomuno ga jouzudewa arimasen.

私のドラゴン淫具を使いますか？
Watashi no dragon ingu o tsukaimasuka?
Shall we go hunt the dragon?

Please don't use this!

I'd post a more accurate translation, but it would violate PSOW ToS so... meh.

Additionally it'd prolly be easier to just say 僕は日本語を話さない　（ぼくはにほんごをはなさない） (I don't speak Japanese)

note: 僕 (ぼく , boku) is gendered as young male (sometimes used by boyish girls), but almost never adults (mature ones, anyways). You could replace it with the correct term (私, 俺, etc.) or take the easy/lazy route and remove it (making the referral to self implicit) and throw a sumimasen on the front for good measure:
Kanji: すみません、日本語を話せません。
Hiragana: すみません、にほんごをはなせません。
Romaji: sumimasen, nihongo wo hanasemasen.

edit:
話さない = I don't/won't speak _____.
vs.
話せない = I can't speak _____.